First Conditional: real possibility
Kita berbicara mengenai masa depan. Kita membicarakan tentang suatu keadaan tertentu di masa yang akan datang dan beserta hasilnya akibat dari suatu keadaan tersebut. Ada kemungkinan kalau keadaan tersebut bisa terjadi. Contoh: pada pagi hari Anda ada di rumah dan kamu berencana akan bermain badminton sore harinya. Namun karena mendung, apa yang akan kamu lakukan?
| IF | Kondisi | Hasil |
|
| present simple | WILL + base verb |
| If | it rains | I will stay at home. |
Perhatikan bahwa kita sedang membicarakan tentang masa depan. Sekarang memang belum hujan. Kita gunakan masa sekarang untuk berandai-andai di masa yang akan datang. Maka kita gunakan rumus di atas yang paling penting pada conditional tipe ini adalah Ada kemungkinan kalau pengandaian kita bisa terjadi di masa yang akan datang. Contoh:
| IF | Kondisi | Hasil |
|
| present simple | WILL + base verb |
| If | I see Mary | I will tell her. |
| If | Henry is free tomorrow | he will invite her. |
| If | they do not pass their exam | their teacher will be sad. |
| If | it rains tomorrow | will you stay at home? |
| If | it rains tomorrow | what will you do? |
| Hasil | IF | Kondisi |
| WILL + base verb |
| present simple |
| I will tell Anne | if | I see her. |
| He will invite Anne | if | she is free tomorrow. |
| Their teacher will be sad | if | they do not pass their exam. |
| Will you stay at home | if | it rains tomorrow? |
| What will you do | if | it rains tomorrow? |
Second Conditional: unreal possibility or dream
Second conditional ini sama dengan tipe I di atas. Namun kemungkinan untuk terjadinya lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan pengandaian di atas. Artinya peluang untuk terjadi itu, kecil. contoh:
| IF | Kondisi | Hasil |
|
| past simple | WOULD + base verb |
| If | I won the lottery | I would buy a car. |
Contoh:
| IF | Kondisi | Hasil |
|
| past simple | WOULD + base verb |
| If | I married Anne | I would be happy. |
| If | Alex became rich | she would marry him. |
| If | it snowed next July | would you be surprised? |
| If | it snowed next July | what would you do? |
| Hasil | IF | Kondisi |
| WOULD + base verb |
| past simple |
| I would be happy | if | I married Anne. |
| She would marry Ram | if | he became rich. |
| Would you be surprised | if | it snowed next July? |
| What would you do | if | it snowed next July? |
Third Conditional: no possibility
Pada conditional Tipe III ini kemungkinan untuk terjadi Nihil. Ini hanya sebagai ungkapan rasa penyesalan di masa yang lampau.
| IF | Kondisi | Hasil |
|
| Past Perfect | WOULD HAVE + Past Participle |
| If | I had won the lottery | I would have bought a car. |
contoh:
| IF | Kondisi | Hasil |
|
| past perfect | WOULD HAVE + past participle |
| If | I had seen Anne | I would have told her. |
| If | Anne had been free yesterday | I would have invited her. |
| If | they had not passed their exam | their teacher would have been sad. |
| If | it had rained yesterday | would you have stayed at home? |
| If | it had rained yesterday | what would you have done? |
| Hasil | IF | Kondisi |
| WOULD HAVE + past participle |
| past perfect |
| I would have told Anne | if | I had seen her. |
| I would have invited Anne | if | she had been free yesterday. |
| Their teacher would have been sad | if | they had not passed their exam. |
| Would you have stayed at home | if | it had rained yesterday? |
| What would you have done | if | it had rained yesterday? |
Zero Conditional: certainty
Zero conditional menceritakan bahwa kepastian untuk terjadinya suatu keadaan adalah 100%. Contoh:
| IF | Kondisi | Hasil |
|
| present simple | present simple |
| If | you heat ice | it melts. |
Contoh lainnya:
| IF | Kondisi | Hasil |
|
| present simple | present simple |
| If | I miss the 8 o’clock bus | I am late for work. |
| If | I am late for work | my boss gets angry. |
| If | people don’t eat | they get hungry. |
| If | you heat ice | does it melt? |
| Hasil | IF | Kondisi |
| present simple |
| present simple |
| I am late for work | if | I miss the 8 o’clock bus. |
| My boss gets angry | if | I am late for work. |
| People get hungry | if | they don’t eat. |
| Does ice melt | if | you heat it? |
Conditionals: Kesimpulan
Berikut ini table kemungkinan yang akan terjadi bila melihat suatu pengandaian.
| Persentase akan terjadi | conditional | Contoh | Waktu | |||
| 100% |
| zero conditional | If you heat ice, it melts. | any time | ||
| 50% |
| first conditional | If it rains, I will stay at home. | future | ||
| 10% |
| second conditional | If I won the lottery, I would buy a car. | future | ||
| 0% |
| third conditional | If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a car. | past | ||
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